Prohibited foreign entity rules
Foreign entity restrictions play a central role in determining whether a project is eligible for clean energy tax credits — and, by extension, whether those credits can be safely transferred to a buyer or investor.
The One Big Beautiful Bill replaced and significantly expanded existing foreign entity restrictions, introducing new prohibited foreign entity (PFE) rules. The US Department of the Treasury published initial guidance (Notice 2026-15) in February, and additional guidance is expected later this year.
This resource hub brings together the latest market trends, insights, and resources to help you understand and comply with PFE requirements.
Quick guide to PFE definitions
Understand the differences between prohibited foreign entities, specified foreign entities, and foreign-influenced entities, as well as the material assistance cost ratio test.

What are the experts saying about PFE compliance?
Lessons from H1 2026: A growing market adapting to PFE risk in real time
Total tax monetization is on track to approach $70 billion by year-end 2026, up 11% year over year. While forthcoming PFE guidance should unlock more tax-oriented capital, the market adapted during the first half of the year. Preferred equity investments — which do not take an ownership position that exposes them to the PFE ownership test — will more than double in 2026. Tax credit buyers diversified into tax credit types and technologies with mixed or limited PFE exposure, such as clean fuels and battery storage.
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What developers need to know about PFE requirements
Explore insights, regulatory updates, market data, and practical resources for understanding the new PFE regime.
The market is starting to price PFE risk into transactions
Historically, deal size and seller credit rating have driven tax credit pricing. In H1 2026, exposure to PFE rules emerged as the single biggest driver of tax credit pricing. While PFE-exposed tax credits are transacting, they’re doing so at a discount — roughly $0.015 for investment tax credits and $0.020 for production tax credits.

Resources for tax credit buyers and investors
Learn more about diligence requirements, mitigating PFE risk, and compliance pathways so you can transact confidently.
How Crux supports PFE compliance
Crux helps developers and manufacturers, tax credit buyers and investors, lenders, and advisors navigate PFE requirements with market intelligence, clear diligence workflows, and expert support at every step:
- PFE market signals based on proprietary transaction data.
- PFE-specific diligence checklists.
- White-glove support to understand and underwrite transaction risks.
- Centralized platform that streamlines the diligence process.










